2017考研英语阅读理解——背景知识集锦

我在哪里

　了解这类人物不但有助于加深对文章的理解，而且有助于我们解题。

　　It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting " the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.(2011 Text 4)

　　40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.

　　[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.

　　[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.

　　[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.

　　这篇文章主要论述明星效应下的育儿选择。这段是文章中的最后一段，段落中心为But引导的这句话，意在说明名人妈妈已经影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。40.题正确选项为【B】。But后这句话的末尾出现的Rachel是《老友记》六名主演中的一员，剧中名为Rachel,现实中的真名为Jennifer Aniston(詹妮弗 安妮斯顿)，因为老友记已经在美国甚至亚洲成为经典，自1994年开播到2014年已出品十季，季季经典，备受欢迎，成为美剧经典中的经典。所以，在文中，作者没有对Rachel进行介绍，剧中，Rachel在第一季第一集以逃婚的新娘为开篇，后来，与Rose 有了孩子，然而，却因各种原因和事情，最终没有与Rose

　　组建家庭，最终直到第十季，Rachel 以单亲孩子的母亲为结局。文章中，最后说还有一小部分人希望自己看起来像詹妮弗安尼斯顿，暗含名人对孩子的态度已经影响了大众对待孩子的态度。(湛 江 中 公 教 育 赤 坎 学 习 中 心   )

　　Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change it.”(2005 Text 3)

　　Freud 弗洛伊德，全名Sigmund Freud西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(1856年5月6日-1939年9月23日)，精神分析学的创始人。他提出“潜意识”、“自我”、“本我”、“超我”等概念。著有《梦的解析》、《精神分析引论》、《图腾与禁忌》等。被世人誉为“精神分析之父”，二十世纪最伟大的心理学家之一。其精神分析理论属于心理动力学理论，是现代心理学的奠基石，对于整个心理科学乃至西方人文科学的各个领域均有深远的影响，它有以下几种基本理论：1.精神层次理论2.人格结构理论3.性本能理论4.释梦理论。

　　这篇文章的中心是说梦可以被有意识地控制，梦可以调节。弗洛伊德作为响彻精神分析，分析梦的西方创始人，可谓其名如雷贯耳。文中引用他的理论极具权威性，非常有信服力，与此同时，作者并对其进行背景介绍。原因不再赘述。